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Linux Software Packages are Installed
Querying Packages
RPM has a powerful query feature that allows you to find out what packages are installed on your system, the files associated with a package, or the package that owns a particular file. Use the -q flag to tell RPM to display the package name, version number, and release number of a package that's already installed, as in this example:
rpm -q panda
panda-2.0-1
Here are some other flags you can use to specify the packages you want to query:
Flag Meanings
-a Queries all currently installed packages
-f somefile Queries the package that owns the specified file
-p packagefile Queries the specified package
And here are the flags you can use to control and format the information that your query returns:
Flag Meanings[/color]
-i Displays detailed package information such as name, description, release, size, build date, install date, and vendor
-l Displays all files associated with the package
-d Displays documentation and help files associated with the package
-c Displays configuration files associated with the package
-v Outputs file listings in the format of the ls -l command
Some Query Examples
You can combine the flags for the querying in may useful ways. Here are some examples.
To find out which package owns a file, enter
rpm -qf /usr/bin/panda
panda-2.0-1
To find the documentation that came with a package, enter
rpm -qd hotrod
/usr/man/man1/hotrod.1
/usr/info/hotrod.info.gz
/usr/doc/hotrod-1.0-1/README
To learn about a package before installing it, enter
rpm -qip hotrod-1.0-1.i386.rpm
Name : hotrod Distribution: Red Hat Linux
Version : 1.0 Vendor: Faster Software
Release : 1 Build Date: Sun Jul 04 14:35:27 1999
Install date: (none) Build Host: dev.faster.com
Group : Games Source RPM: hotrod-1.0-1.src.rpm
Size : 3141593
Summary : simulated hotrod racing game for SVGA
Description :
An action game that pits you against other maniacal drivers
on the Los Angeles freeway. Experience the thrill of road
rage as you attempt to get to work on time.
To see what files a package contains, enter
rpm -qlp hotrod-1.0-1.i386.rpm
/usr/man/man1/hotrod.1
/usr/info/hotrod.info.gz
/usr/doc/hotrod-1.0-1/README
/usr/lib/games/hotrodlib/cars.dat
/usr/lib/games/hotrodlib/drivers.dat
/usr/lib/games/hotrodlib/weapons.dat
/usr/lib/games/hotrodlib
/usr/games/hotrod
To find all installed packages that match a specific pattern, enter
rpm -qa | grep panda
panda-2.0-1
pandacalc-3.1-4
xpanda-1.2-3
Since the -q flag does accept a package name, you might wonder why we didn't use a command like this:
rpm -q panda*
This won't work because of the way the Bash shell treats wildcard characters, so we have to tell RPM to spit out all the installed package names and use grep to filter the list.
Finally, here's an advanced form of the query command that will tell you which packages are taking up the most room:
rpm -qa -queryformat='%{SIZE} %{NAME}' | sort -n
This command uses the -queryformat flag to specify that only the size and name information are to be printed for each package. The rpm output is piped to the sort command, which displays the package list sorted by size, from smallest to largest.
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